Momentum Calculator Linear Momentum
A large, fast-moving object has greater momentum than a smaller, slower object. [AL] Start a discussion about movement and collision. Using the example of football players, point out that both the mass and the velocity of an object are important considerations in determining the impact of collisions. The direction as well as the magnitude of velocity is very important. During the 2007 French Open, Venus Williams (Figure 8.3) hit the fastest recorded serve in a premier women’s match, reaching a speed of 58 m/s (209 km/h).
His three laws of motion, published in the 17th century, laid the foundation for classical mechanics. Newton’s second law established the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, thereby defining momentum. Momentum plays a critical role in understanding the motion of objects in daily life. For example, in vehicle collisions, the principle of conservation of momentum helps forensic investigators recreate the events leading up to the crash.
Links To Physics
A doubling of the mass results in a doubling of the momentum. A team that has the momentum is on the move and is going to take some effort to stop. A team that has a lot of momentum is really on the move and is going to be hard to stop.
This means that momentum is directly proportional to both mass and velocity. The larger the mass of the object, the more momentum it has. Similarly, for velocity, objects that are moving faster also have more momentum.
- The outgoing baseball has a velocity of 20 m/s at the angle shown.
- Give an example of a system whose mass is not constant.
- As we’ll explain in further detail below, how much momentum a moving object has depends on its mass and velocity.
- Therefore, momentum is also a vector quantity, with the same direction as the velocity.
- Talk about the different strategies to be used while solving problems.
FnetΔtFnetΔtis known as impulse and this equation is known as the impulse-momentum theorem. From the equation, we see that the impulse equals the average net external force multiplied by the time this force acts. The effect of a force on an object depends on how long it acts, as well as the strength of the force. Impulse is a useful concept because it quantifies the effect of a force.
As discussed in an earlier unit, a vector quantity is a quantity that is fully described by both magnitude and direction. It is not enough to say that the ball has 10 kg•m/s of momentum; the momentum of the ball is not fully described until information about its direction is given. The direction of the momentum vector is the same as the direction of the velocity of the ball. In a previous unit, it was said that the direction of the velocity vector is the same as the direction that an object is moving. If the bowling ball is moving westward, then its momentum can be fully described by saying that it is 10 kg•m/s, westward.
Example: What is the momentum of a 1500 kg car going at highway speed of 28 m/s (about 100 km/h or 60 mph)?
Deaths during car races decreased dramatically when the rigid frames of racing cars were replaced with parts that could crumple or collapse in the event of an accident. For example, a heavy truck traveling on the highway has more momentum than a smaller car traveling at the same speed because it has a greater mass. Having more momentum also makes it harder for the truck to stop. So we can calculate the Impulse (the change in momentum) from force applied for a period of time.
Example: A pool ball bounces!
Therefore, momentum is also a vector quantity, with the same direction as the velocity. To determine the change in momentum, substitute the values for mass and the initial and final velocities into the equation above. Although the ball has greater velocity, the player has a much greater mass. Therefore, the momentum of the player is about 86 how to calculate interest rates on bank loans times greater than the momentum of the football.
A very large force acting for a short time can have a great effect on the momentum of an object, such as the force of a racket hitting a tennis ball. A small force could cause the same change in momentum, but it would have to act for a much longer time. In Physics, momentum is a quantity of motion that applies to moving objects. As we’ll explain in further detail below, how much momentum a moving object has depends on its mass and velocity. The units for momentum would be mass units times velocity units.
How to Calculate Momentum
Give an example of a system whose mass is not constant. [BL][OL] Review inertia and Newton’s laws of motion. Check out this video from Conceptual Academy for more examples of momentum. Both its velocity was doubled and its mass was doubled. It is a wonderful and useful formula for normal every day use, but when we look at the atomic scale things interact from a distance through electro-magnetic fields.
Make sure that students know the assumptions made in each equation regarding certain quantities being constant or some quantities being negligible. [OL][AL] Explain that a large, fast-moving object has greater momentum than a smaller, slower object. Express your understanding of the concept and mathematics of momentum by answering the following questions. But many examples here only use speed (velocity without direction) to keep it simple. A 155-g baseball is incoming at a velocity of 25 m/s. The outgoing baseball has a velocity of 20 m/s at the angle shown.
As a vector quantity, the momentum of an object is fully described by both magnitude and direction. From the definition of momentum, it becomes obvious that an object has a large momentum if both its mass and its velocity are large. Both variables are of equal importance in determining the momentum of an object. Consider a Mack truck and a roller skate moving down the street at the same speed. The considerably greater mass of the Mack truck gives it a considerably greater momentum. Yet if the Mack truck were at rest, then the momentum of the least massive roller skate would be the greatest.
