What Is an Operating System?
Operating systems (OS) are a set of integrated programs that control computer resources and operations. The OS is not visible to the user, however it provides services that applications programs can utilize to help make hardware and software more useful.
Access to data stored on disks is a fundamental operating system feature, and requires the OS to be able to provide a method to organize the contents of each file, thereby improving speed, reliability and storage efficiency. This is referred to as a file system and enables files to have names and attributes, and to be organized in directories or folders, forming a directory tree.
The majority of computers come with a variety of kinds of hardware devices like printers, mice and keyboards that rely on device drivers to connect with the system. The operating system installs and configures these drivers to provide the right service to applications. It also hides the hardware configuration to users so that they are able to interact with their system without having to know the specific hardware configuration.
Process Management
OSs monitor the running applications on a computer. They decide how much time each application will get in a multitasking setting. It also handles interruptions that applications cause to divert processors’ focus and ensures there enough memory available to allow an application to finish its work without interfering other processes.
Operating systems also perform various other functions that are related to the general running of the computer for example, maintaining the primary memory, which is comprised of huge byte arrays or word files that each contain an address. The OS keeps track of how much of these bytes are utilized by different applications and can then move, delete or organize them to free up space.
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